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2.1 Introduction to Relational Databases
Overview of relational database management systems (RDBMS)
Evolution and importance of relational databases
Key concepts: Entities, attributes, relationships, and tables
2.2 Relational Data Model
Understanding the relational data model
Relational schema and its components
Keys: Primary keys, foreign keys, candidate keys
Integrity constraints: Entity integrity, referential integrity
2.3 Database Design Basics
Introduction to database design principles
Conceptual, logical, and physical database design
Normalization: First normal form (1NF) to Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF)
2.4 Structured Query Language (SQL) Basics
Overview of SQL and its role in relational databases
Basic SQL commands: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
Querying single and multiple tables
2.5 Advanced SQL Queries
Retrieving data with advanced SELECT statements
Filtering and sorting data using WHERE and ORDER BY clauses
Aggregation functions: SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN
Grouping data with GROUP BY clause
2.6 Joins and Subqueries
Understanding relational joins: INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN
Using subqueries in SQL queries
Correlated vs. non-correlated subqueries
2.7 Views and Stored Procedures
Introduction to database views
Creating and managing views in SQL
Overview of stored procedures and their advantages
2.8 Indexes and Query Optimization
Understanding database indexes and their role in query optimization
Index types: B-tree indexes, hash indexes, bitmap indexes
Strategies for optimizing SQL queries for performance
2.9 Transactions and Concurrency Control
Introduction to transactions in relational databases
ACID properties of transactions
Concurrency control mechanisms: Locking, timestamp-based protocols
2.10 Database Integrity and Security
Ensuring data integrity with constraints: Primary keys, foreign keys, unique constraints
Database security concepts: Authentication, authorization, encryption
Best practices for securing relational databases
2.11 Backup and Recovery
Importance of database backup and recovery
Strategies for backing up and restoring relational databases
Disaster recovery planning and procedures
2.12 Normalization and Denormalization
Understanding the normalization process
Normal forms: First normal form (1NF) to Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF)
Denormalization and its use cases
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